◎方  名：小柴胡湯（和解之劑）

   總  結：半表半里                                                               

   編  號：001                                                                    

   組  成：柴胡、黃芩、半夏、生姜、人參、甘草、大棗                               

   主  治：1.治傷寒中風少陽證，往來寒熱，胸脅痞滿，默默不欲食，心煩喜嘔。

           2.或腹中痛，或下痛，或渴，或欬，或利，或悸，小便不利，或不渴，口苦耳聾，脈弦，或汗后余熱不解。

           3.及春月時嗽，瘧發寒熱。婦人傷寒，熱入血室。

           4.亦治傷寒五、六日，頭出汗，微惡寒，手足冷，心下滿，不欲食，大便，脈細者，為陽微結。

   加  減：(1)嘔逆加生姜、陳皮。                                                  

           (2)煩而不嘔，去半夏、人參，加栝蔞。                                    

           (3)渴者去半夏，加花粉。                                                

           (4)若不渴，外有微熱，去人參，加桂枝，覆取微汗。                        

           (5)嗽去參、棗、生姜，加五味子、干姜。                                

           (6)虛煩加竹葉、粳米。                                                  

           (7)齒燥無津加石膏。                                                    

           (8)痰多加栝蔞、貝母。                                                  

           (9)腹痛去黃芩，加芍藥。                                                

           (10)下痞，去大棗、加牡蠣。                                         

           (11)下痛，加青皮、芍藥。                                             

           (12)心下悸，小便不利，去黃芩，加茯苓。                                 

           (13)本經頭痛加川芎。                                                   

           (14)發黃加茵陳。                                                       

   歸  經：足少陽藥                                                               

   方  義：(1)膽為清凈之府，無出無入，其經在半表半里，不可汗吐下，法宜和解。      

              邪入本經，乃由表而將至里，當徹熱發表，迎而奪之，勿令傳太陰。        

           (2)柴胡味苦微寒，少陽主藥，以升陽達表為君。黃芩苦寒。以養陰退熱為臣    

           。                                                                     

              半夏辛溫，能健脾和胃，以散逆氣而止嘔。人參、甘草，以補正氣而和中    

           ，                                                                     

              使邪不得復傳入里為佐。邪在半里半表，則營衛爭。故用姜、棗之辛甘，    

              以和營衛為使也。                                                    

   變化方：(1)本方以前胡代柴胡，名小前胡湯（崔氏），治同。                        

           (2)本方加陳皮、芍藥，名柴胡雙解散，治同。                              

           (3)本方加芒硝，名柴胡加芒硝湯。                                        

           (4)本方加桂枝，名柴胡加桂枝湯，治傷寒六、七日，發熱，微惡寒，支節煩    

           痛，                                                                   

              微嘔，心下支結。外證未去者。                                        

           (5)本方除黃芩、甘草，加桂枝、茯苓、龍骨、牡蠣、鉛丹、大黃，            

              名柴胡加龍骨牡蠣湯，治傷寒八、九日下之，胸滿煩驚，小便不利，譫語    

           ，                                                                     

              身重不可轉側。                                                      

           (6)本方去半夏、人參、姜、棗，加桂枝、干姜，花粉、牡蠣，                

              名柴胡桂枝干姜湯，治傷寒汗下后，胸滿，微結，小便不利，渴而不嘔    

           ，                                                                     

              但頭汗出，往來寒熱，心煩者。亦治瘧發寒多熱少，或但寒不熱。          

           (7)本方去半夏，加花粉，名柴胡去半夏加栝蔞根湯，治往來寒熱而渴，及勞    

           瘧。                                                                   

           (8)本方去柴胡、黃芩，加厚樸，名厚樸生姜半夏甘草人參湯，  治發汗后腹脹滿者。              

 (9)本方除半夏，加當歸、白芍、大黃，名柴胡飲子，治肌熱蒸熱積熱，  汗后余熱，脈洪實弦數。亦治瘧疾。                                    

           (10)本方加羌活、防風，名柴胡羌活湯，治瘟疫少陽證。                     

           (11)本方加桔梗，名柴胡桔梗湯，治春嗽。                                 

           (12)本方合平胃散，名柴平湯，治濕瘧身痛，身重。                         

           (13)本方加青黛、姜汁糊丸，名清鎮丸，治嘔吐脈弦頭痛及熱嗽。             

           (14)本方一分，加四物二分，名柴胡四物湯，治婦人日久虛勞，微有寒熱。     

           (15)本方與四物各半，名調經湯。                                         

   來  源：仲景